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SQZGIF Copr. (c) 1988-90 Lawrence Gozum & Marvin Gozum
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
User Manual
DISCLAIMER
This product is distributed AS IS. The authors specifically disclaim
all warranties ,expressed or implied, including ,but not limited to,
implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular
purpose with respect to defects in the diskette and documentation, and
program license granted herein, in particular, and without limiting
operation of the program license with respect to any particular
application use or purpose. In no event shall the authors be liable
for any loss of profit or any other commercial damage including but
not limited to special, incidental, consequential or other damages.
LICENSING AGREEMENT
You may use this program for a 10 DAY TRIAL PERIOD. Should you find
this program useful, you MUST register it; you will then be provided
with the latest releases of the VGACAD system see last section of this
manual).
You can freely distribute copies of unmodified SQZGIF and charge $10
max for distribution, in lieu of recognized Users Group guidelines
(e.g., Asso. of Shareware Professionals or NY Amateur Computer Club).
WHAT IS SQZGIF ?
SQZGIF is now a multi-functional utility. It resizes small or LARGE
GIF/PCX pics (up to 2KBx2KBx256) to variable sizes (ie., 320x200x256 to
1024x768x256) AND adds the synergistic power and functionality of
EGA2VGA (to create/add up to 256 NEW COLORS) with GIF images with less
than 256 colors (ie., 2 to 128 colors) for:
* image processing/editing in VGACAD
* conversion to EGA in VGA2EGA
* printing or desktop publishing with GIFPUB (integrates GIFDOT)
* reconversion to a smaller or larges 256-color GIF/PCX files
with VGAFIL (included)
* bloading in BASIC or QuickBASIC (BLD & PLT files only)
SQZGIF also integrates functionality of an unreleased utility - MIXBLD,
to weave four 320x200x256 BLD/PLT images into ONE SVGA 640x400x256 file!
MIXBLD functionality facilitates the rendering of 'oversampled'
320x200x256 video image grabs (ie., 'ala CDs' but for video) for greater
'texture' and resolution by integrating oversampled ODD and EVEN video
vertical fields (ie., to get close to a FULL frame) AND oversampled
horizontal fields.
With SQZGIF you can resize and smooth LARGE 256 color pics with
correct aspect ratios; all sizes such as 320x240 (Jovian Logic),
320x400 (Amiga), 512x480 (TARGA), 640x400 (MACII), 640x480 and 800x600
(SuperVGA) can be handled (up to 2KBx2KBx256). NO GRAPHICS CARD IS
REQUIRED! Use SQZGIF to reduce a LARGE GIF/PCX pic or expand a small
GIF/PCX pic. VGA/MCGA users can pick any selected area and ZOOM it to
full screen size; you can treat LARGE GIF/PCX pics as "virtual screens".
INTERPOLATION & COLOR AVERAGING
Interpolation is a method to add or remove pixels to "fit" an image to
a particular size; no changes to the colors are implemented - you simply
see more or less pixels in a defined image size. Since calculations are
minimal, this algorithm is VERY fast.
SQZGIF supports a sophisticated "color averaging" algorithm to replace
groups of color pixels with one of the colors in the 256 color palette
or with a NEW color (EGA2VGA algorithm), by finding the closest match or
creating a color with a close or perfect match (ie., EGA2VGA algorithm).
This method will render large GIFs in 320x200x256 with the closest
approximation of the original picture as you would view it on the system
that originated it. The "color averaging" method removes "noise" and
patterns that result from interpolating certain large GIFs. In addition,
this process actually adds some element of "anti-aliasing" or "smoothing"
since "jaggies" are averaged into one color pixel.
REQUIREMENTS
Since large GIF pictures can decompose into megabytes, a harddisk is
highly recommended. An 800x600 GIF will decompress to 480,000 bytes.
SQZGIF uses a user-specified temporary file to decompress these large
GIFs and requires an additional 64KB for saving the "squeezed" picture
and another 64KB (MCGA/VGA only) for the "zoomed" screen.
A large RAM disk is recommended for fastest processing; specify a RAM
disk in your VDISK path. High-density dual drive users (e.g., 720KB
or 1.2MB or 1.44MB) should place the GIF file to be converted in one
drive while the other should contain only SQZGIF.
SQZGIF needs no graphics. The "Pick 'N Zoom" feature, however, will
only be activated if VGA/MCGA is detected; it cannot be selected with
non-VGA video cards.
HOW TO USE SQZGIF
Run SQZGIF and select a file to be converted. Use the <arrow> keys to
move the highlight bar the press <return> to select. Pressing the
<spcbar> will allow you to change the drive or sub-directory (e.g.,
D:\GIF\LARGE\NUDES" or "B:). Only the first image of GIF pictures with
multiple images will be processed; they can have any number of colors
(ie., from 2-256). Only 256-color PCX (version 5) pics will be handled
by SQZGIF AND must have equal screen and image size.
After selecting a file, simply select the size you want. You have a
choice of interpolation or color averaging (ie., <tab> key). All other
control options are directly related to EGA2VGA functionality, which
is described in depth in another section of this manual.
If you select [U]ser, you are prompted for the screen dimensions, any
screen dimension upt to 1024x768 is allowed.
SQZGIF saves all 320x200x256 BLD/PLT images to NONAME (BLD/PLT). For
all other sizes, MVGASCRN (RAW/PLT) files will be created for latter GIF
or PCX encoding with VGAFIL (included). NONAME and MVGASCRN files are
constantly overwritten, so be sure to encode and rename immediately.
TEMP files (in a format compatible with VGACAD v1.6 and up) will be
created each time you run SQZGIF; if you want to reprocess/resize or
zoom another part of the same picture, reply [Y]es to prompt "Use
TEMP.RAW ?[Y/n]".
Dual drive users SHOULD delete TEMP files when prompted, if you are not
going to process the same picture again; you may get an error message
for insufficient disk space if you don't.
PICK 'N ZOOM
If a VGA/MCGA card is detected, then this feature will be activated.
This feature is very useful in selecting only areas of a picture which
you want to use (e.g., editing in VGACAD). A "capture box" appears
which defines an area to be "zoomed" using the interpolation (i.e., no
smoothing is applied). You can move the "capture box" with the arrow
keys or use the <Shift-ARROW> keys to move around the screen faster.
Pressing the <+> key will increase the size of your "capture box" (the
area to be zoomed) - resulting in a smaller "zooming factor", but
including a larger area of the picture; conversely, pressing the <->
key will decrease the "capture box"- resulting in larger magnification
but procesing a smaller area of the total picture.
After viewing the "zoomed picture", press <return> to save the image
or press <Esc> to reselect and redefine the "zoomed image". The image
will be saved to "ZOOM.BLD" and "ZOOM.PLT"; these files will be
constantly overwritten; thus, you MUST rename these files later.
CONVERTING IMAGES WITH LESS THAN 256 COLORS
EGA2VGA functionality converts images with less than 256 colors (eg.,
EGA 640x350x16/2, VGA 640x480x16/2, SVGA 1024x768x16/2) into a real
256 color image by actually generating up to 256 new colors from the
original 2-128 color palette by synthesizing color mixtures. Not only
can you create LARGE SVGA GIFs but you can apply extensive image
processing since you have 256 colors to play with.
CONTROL OPTIONS
Selecting the optimal Matrix and Color Match Threshold is the key to
fully utilizing EGA2VGA functionality. 2,4,8 or 16 color images are
usually dithered (ordered or error-distributed). Generally, the 2x2
Matrix type performs adequately; you can opt for the 3x3 Matrix type
for richer color generation.
The Color Match Threshold determines how closely matched colors are to
be generated. If an existing color is "close" enough to the required
color, then it will be used; otherwise a new one is generated.
To optimize color generation, you can ABORT the processing and choose a
new Matrix or Threshold value and restart color generation. While the
picture is being generated, monitor the number of colors generated. If
the processing is slow at the start of a few lines then your Threshold
is too low but VERY RICH. Abort processing (ie., <ESC>) and reselect a
HIGHER Threshold value. If colors being generated are too few then
decrease the Threshold.
Your mission is to find the ideal Matrix and Threshold value to create
as many colors before reaching 256 colors (maximum). The picture is
generated in an interlaced fashion which ensures that colors are
sampled and generated from all over the screen. VGA/MCGA users should
monitor the quality of the picture and speed of processing in default
320x200x256 mode; this will give you an indication of the colors being
generated. Watch the Colors generated on the status line; if you
generate over 100 colors after the first 3-5 lines then your Threshold
is too low. If you run out of colors too soon then other colors in
your picture will have to settle for the closest match in the existing
palette. If you can generate 180-240 colors then an optimal compromise
has been met.
MIXBLD FUNCTION
The MIXBLD function is available ONLY through the COMMAND LINE.
Essentially, MIXBLDing is a method to 'weave' four 320x200x256 BLD/PLT
files into ONE 640x400x256 SVGA image.
Many users bought video grabbers before MultiMedia became THE buzzword
for graphics hobbyists. Many of these video grabbers supported only
MCGA 320x200x256 image grabs as their 256 color mode - moreover, they
used a small palette with 4096 maximum colors to choose from.
Before we proceed, let us review what the NTSC signal means to our
high-tech but, now, 'low-end' video grabbers. The typical FULL FRAME
of a video signal can be thought of as THE SUPER VGA NNNNx560xCOLORS
screen. Of the NNNNx560 'pixels', only NNNNx480 can be usually seen -
sounds familiar - yes! - 480 lines is close to VGA !!! There are TWO
FIELDS in ONE FRAME: ODD and EVEN fields. Each visible field can be
thought of as having 240 lines each. Thus, a FULL FRAME has 480 lines.
Each line has more than 1200 pixels of luminance information (that's
'grey' to us mortals); the actual, 'distinct' color information is
about 320 'pixels' per line. Thus, a FULL FRAME with 'distinct color
pixels' is roughly 320x480xCOLORS.
A FULL FIELD of 'distinct color pixels' is 320x240xCOLORS - half of
a FULL FRAME of 'distinct color pixels'.
Sounds familiar ? Yup, that's why the Jovian VIA video board grabs
320x240x256 screens - to get a FULL FIELD, as it were - usually the
ODD field. Now, the other boards were not as thoughtful. They decided
to get only 200 of the 240 lines; thus, they crop out 40 lines from the
top and bottom of the screen. To do this, they monitor the sync signals
and begin grabbing a little later - about the 21st visible line.
If you are able to monitor what the grabber is 'seeing' before you hit
a key to grab your 320x200x256 image, you'll probably notice the image
'flip-flopping' between the ODD and EVEN fields. You know this is
happening when key portions of the image, such as the eyes or nose of a
human subject seem to change with every image update. Sooner or later
you'll notice a pattern. Yes, your image grabber is INACCURATE and is
sometimes grabbing the ODD or EVEN field when it SHOULD be grabbing ONLY
the ODD or EVEN FIELD - ALL THE TIME. This is particularly true when
grabbing an image from a commercial VCR on pause mode.
An imperfection ? Yes, but something to take advantage of. If you save
a 320x200x256 image while it is showing the ODD FRAME and then do a
second grab when it is showing the EVEN frame, then combining the two
will give you a FULL FRAME with TWICE the resolution.
There is more imperfection we can take advantage of. Even if you manage
to grab the same FIELD a second time, chances are NO TWO SIMILAR FIELDS
WILL BE THE SAME. The second grab, of the same ODD or EVEN FIELD will
probably 'sample' a different portion of the same lines - MORE COLOR
INFORMATION FOR YOU.
Thus, if you combine 'oversampled' EVEN FIELDS with 'oversampled' ODD
FIELDS, you should get a 640x400x256 SVGA image - the likes of which
you never thought your grabber could produce. Get the picture <hehe>.
To summarize, before using the MIXBLD function,
1) grab a good 320x200x256 EVEN FRAME;
2) grab another 320x200x256 EVEN FRAME (oversample);
3) grab a good 320x200x256 ODD FRAME;
4) grab another 320x200x256 ODD FRAME (oversample); and
5) save and convert each of these images to BLD/PLT format
(if you used VGACAP, they are saved in BLD/PLT format).
You should have four sets of BLD/PLT files.
Example: screen01.bld \ the first
screen01.plt / EVEN FIELD grab
screen02.bld \ the second (oversampled)
screen02.plt / EVEN FIELD grab
screen03.bld \ the first
screen03.plt / ODD FIELD grab
screen04.bld \ the second (oversampled)
screen04.plt / ODD FIELD grab
Now that you have these BLD/PLT files type:
SQZGIF screen01 screen02 screen03 screen04 <ret>
After processing, MVGASCRN (RAW/PLT) files will be created; encode
then with VGAFIL (included) to GIF or PCX format.
Note that the ORDER of files is SIGNIFICANT. The first file will
be used to match the colors of the remaining files. Also, 'ordering'
of the pixels are determined by the file sequence as follows.
SQZGIF screen01 screen02 screen03 screen04 <ret>
EVEN EVEN ODD ODD
FIELD FIELD FIELD FIELD
EVEN ODD EVEN ODD
PIXELS PIXELS PIXELS PIXELS
In this sequence, SCREEN01 (BLD/PLT) is used as the color reference;
SCREEN02, SCREEN03 and SCREEN04 are 'melded' using SCREEN01's color
palette.
SPECIAL EFFECTS WITH MIXBLD FUNCTION
You can create 'subliminal' effects using the MIXBLD function.
For example, you can create a 640x400x256 image with 1/4th of the
image showing a different image.
Example: SQZGIF bird ocean ocean ocean
This image will have a an 'subliminal' bird in the backgorund, as if
it were faded-out', against a solid foreground of the ocean.
You can also, MIX the same image but with different palettes for
greater texture. If you have LISAW.GIF, modify the palette to show
different lighting conditons, contrast or brightness with a picture
viewer (eg., MVGAVU, VPIC or PICEM) and save each variation. You should
have four sets of BLD/PLT files with the same image but with different
color palettes.
Example: SQZGIF lisaw1 lisaw2 lisaw3 lisaw4
The result will be VERY INTERESTING. Your eyes will resolve the
different colors with NEW gradients of color tones.
This same palette mixing technique can be use in conjunction with the
ODD/EVEN FRAME MIXING explained in the previous section. From your
local Radio Shack, acquire their "video gain" amplifier/attenuator - it
costs about 35$. Use it to modify your incoming video signal and your
video grabber will tend to select softer or harsher colors when it
reduces and renders your final 320x200x256 images. Combine the
different images the same way LISAW1, LISAW2, LISAW3 and LISAW4 were
mixed and you'll see AMAZING results.
Experiment with these variations/functions and have fun !!!
USING VGAFIL
If you type "VGAFIL <ret>", then you can select any filename by moving a
highlighted bar (with the arrow keys) and pressing the <return> key.
Pressing <Spc> allows you to select a different PATH, while <Esc> exits.
On default, VGAFIL selects RAW/PLT files. BLD/PLT files can be selected
by using the "-B" option.
VGAFIL -B <ret>
On default, all captured screens are converted to GIF (87a) files.
To convert screens to 256-color PCX files, ues the "-P" option.
VGAFIL -P <ret>
NOTE: If screen blanks during conversion, DO NOT BE ALARMED. This
simply means that COLOR 255 is black. Color 255 is used to
give feedback on encoding process. After encoding, colors will
be reset to text mode; you know its working by the disk access.
VGAFIL can be used in batch (*.BAT) files for multiple conversions.
Simply type "VGAFIL [filename] " with no extension (path optional) for
every file you want to convert in your batch file; you can also use
this method if you want to convert a specific file from DOS.
Examples: VGAFIL mvgascrn
VGAFIL -B zoom
VGAFIL -B \mcga\zoom
VGAFIL -P \work\svga\mvgascrn
VGAFIL -P e:\ramdisk\userscrn
THE CHAINED VGACAD ENVIRONMENT & USERSCRN FILES
BRUN41.exe is a runtime module distributed under licence with
Microsoft in connection with this program. Place it with SQZGIF or
anywhere your PATH has access to. SQZGIF TEMP files can be used with
VGACAD (v1.6 & up), GIFPUB (v2.0 & up) and VGA2EGA (v5.0 & up).
With VGACAD (v1.6), remember to load the TEMP.PLT file before
invoking the VSCRN menu. ONLY ONE COPY OF BRUN41.EXE IS REQUIRED.
With VGACAD (v2.0 & up, when released), SQZGIF is treated as an
integrated component module. SQZGIF can be used to reduce a 256-color
image or create a 256-color image from one with less colors - in
variable sizes - and save the output as USERSCRN files.
USERSCRN files are used as image 'clips', as it were, for 'pasting'
into LARGE images. VGACAD (v2.0 & up, when released) will 'meld' and
paste USERSCRN images (which MUST be smaller than the MVGA or SVGA
screen being worked on).
When used in the VGACAD 'chained environment' new images are decomposed
into SPARE files (w/c have the same structure as TEMP files); this way
the TEMP files you are currently working on are not affected.
REGISTRATION
REGISTRATION OF SQZGIF IS BASED ON 'PERSONAL USAGE'. CORPORATE OR
ORGANIZATIONAL USERS *MUST* REGISTER ALL COPIES USED ON AN INDIVIDUAL
BASIS; A SPECIFIC PERSON (NAME) MUST BE EXPLICITLY ASSIGNED TO EACH
REGISTRANT WHO WILL BE PROVIDED WITH A CORRESPONDING REGISTER.OVL FILE
TO INDICATE REGISTERED USAGE. REGISTRATION GRANTS A SPECIFIC PERSON
(NOT A JURIDICAL PERSON OR CORPORATE ENTITY) THE RIGHT TO 'USE'
SQZGIF.
┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ALTHOUGH WE WILL TRY TO RESPOND TO YOUR REGISTRATION IN 2-3 WEEKS,│
│ PLEASE ALLOW UP TO 4-6 WEEKS DELAY TO PROCESS YOUR REGISTRATION. │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
As token of our appreciation (i.e., to registered users), we will send
you the the latest version of the VGACAD system; many of the programs
listed below do not require a graphics card.
GIFPUB/GIFDOT - converts 256 color GIF/PCX files to B&W images
desktop publishing (DTP) as .PCX (Ventura, First Publisher, Publisher's
Paintbrush, WP, Pagemaker). Variable sizing/contrast/brightness.
Includes printing on IBM/Epson printers. Several sizes. 8 pics/page.
Single/Double Pass printing. Preview in CGA/HGC/EGA/VGA/EEGA/SVGA.
Histogram-equalization. No graphics card required.
GIFBIT - converts B&W PCX files (e.g., scanner output to 32KBx32KB !)
to grey shades for VGACAD image processing, GIFPUB redithering or
printing, or VGA2EGA conversion - it edits those "scan line jitters".
Viewing modes in MCGA/VGA/SVGA. No graphics card required.
SQZGIF/EGA2VGA - converts LARGE GIF/PCX pics (to 2KBx2KBx256) to several
sizes and video modes using "color averaging" to blend/smooth "jaggies"
or fast interpolation. Converts GIFs (2-128 colors) to any sized image
with 256 new colors. Variable sizing. No graphics card required.
VGA2CGA - converts 256 color GIFs to CGA! See "405" colors in an
unsupported 160x100x16 CGA mode. CGA/EGA/MCGA/VGA required.
MAC2GIF - converts .MAC ("readmac") pictures to 5-16 grey shades or
color and saves to .GIF or BLD/PLT file. EGA/MCGA/VGA required.
VGA2EGA - converts 256 color pictures to 16-color EGA. Error-
distributed dithering. Variable sizing/RGBICMY/contrast/dithering
levels. EEGA support up to 1024x768. EGA/MCGA/VGA required.
MVGAVU - EGA/MCGA/EEGA/VGA/SVGA viewer for GIF and BLD/PLT files.
Smart slideshows - picks best mode. 320x400x256, 360x480x256 and
640x400x16 modes on regular VGA. EGA posterization. EEGA/SVGA
support. Auto-sizing. Contrast/Brightness. EGA/MCGA/VGA required.
VGACAD - extensive paint/image processing program for VGA/MCGA users
(edit GIFs up to 32KBx32KBx256 !!!); airbrushes, color and grey image
processing functions (smoothing, noise removal, shading, contrast
stretching, edge detection, ...), splines, Cut&Paste, variable sizing,
256-color gradient/pattern fills, MORE ! MCGA/VGA required.
WHAT'S NEXT ?
Aside from enhancing existing releases with increased capabilities
(e.g., expanded memory, virtual screen, SVGA functions, other graphics
formats), we are developing VGACBT, a Computer-Based Training program
and MANNEQUIN for Advertising/Fashion Design or creating your own
artistic nudes.
Support maverick authors like us and we will continue developing
products like nothing seen commercially - otherwise they will simply
"DIE" from lack of support ! Compare the cost/benefit ratio of any of
our products with commercial products. You, and you alone, determine
whether it will be worthwhile to continue developing. Support the
User-Supported (Shareware) concept. Register you Shareware copies.
To register, send the registration form and check or money order
payable in USD to:
Dr. Marvin Gozum
2 Independence Place #1105, 6th & Locust
Philadelphia, PA 19106